What to Visit in Xi'an

With more than 3000 years of history, Xi’an is one of the oldest cities in China. It is the capital of Shaanxi Province and it served as the capital for several significant dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang. Xi’an is known for its rich cultural heritage and historical sites, and as the starting point of the Silk Road. Let’s see what to Visit in Xi’an. 

The Terracotta Army

The Terracotta Army is a collection of life-sized terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Lintong District, Xi’an, this archaeological site is one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

• Construction: The army was constructed around 210–209 BCE.
• Number of Figures: There are over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots, and 670 horses.
• Purpose: The figures were created to protect Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife.
• Unique Features: Each figure is unique, with distinct facial expressions and details.

What to See

Visitors to the Terracotta Army will encounter:

• Pit 1: The largest pit, containing the main army of more than 6,000 figures, arranged in battle formation.
• Pit 2: Features a mix of warriors, archers, and cavalry, showcasing a more complex battle array.
• Pit 3: The smallest pit, believed to be the command post, with high-ranking officers and chariots.
• Exhibition Hall of the Bronze Chariots: Houses two large bronze chariots, intricately designed and buried alongside the emperor.

Sections of the Site

Museum of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses: The main museum displaying the figures.

Pit 1, 2, and 3: The primary excavation sites.

Exhibition Hall of the Bronze Chariots: Displays artifacts related to the site.

Cinema Hall: Shows a film about the history and discovery of the Terracotta Army.

Tips for Visiting

Timing: Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid large crowds.

Wear Comfortable Shoes: The site involves a lot of walking, so comfortable footwear is recommended.

Stay Hydrated: Carry a water bottle, especially during hot weather.

Read Up Beforehand: Familiarize yourself with the history of the Terracotta Army to enhance your visit.

Use Audio Guides or Apps: If you prefer self-guided tours, audio guides or mobile apps can be helpful.

Ancient City Wall

Xi’an is one of the few cities in China where the imposing old city walls still stand. The Ancient City Wall of Xi’an is one of the oldest, largest, and best-preserved city walls in China. Constructed during the Ming Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang in the 14th century, the wall was built on the foundations of the Tang Dynasty’s wall and served as a military defense system. It encircles the old city of Xi’an, providing a historical boundary and offering stunning views of the city.

• Length: Approximately 13.7 kilometers (8.5 miles).
• Height: About 12 meters (39 feet).
• Width: Ranges from 12 to 14 meters (39 to 46 feet) at the top.
• Construction: Built with rammed earth, bricks, and stone, featuring a moat and drawbridges.
• Gates: Originally, there were four main gates: Changle (East), Anding (West), Yongning (South), and Anyuan (North).

What to Expect and What to See

Expect:

• Scenic Views: Panoramic views of Xi’an from various points along the wall.
• Historic Atmosphere: A sense of stepping back in time with well-preserved ancient architecture.
• Leisure Activities: Opportunities for walking, cycling, and participating in cultural performances.

What to See:

Main Gates:

South Gate (Yongning Gate): The most impressive and frequently used gate, often the starting point for tours.

North Gate (Anyuan Gate): Known for its historical significance and less crowded compared to the South Gate.

Watchtowers and Ramparts:

Watchtowers: Located at intervals along the wall, these were used for surveillance and defense.

Ramparts: Wide pathways along the top of the wall where visitors can walk or cycle.

Corner Towers:

Four Major Corner Towers: Positioned at each corner of the wall, these towers provided strategic defense points and offered excellent views.

Fortifications and Parapets:

Fortifications: Various defensive structures along the wall.

Parapets: The battlements and crenellations providing insight into ancient military strategies.

Moat and Drawbridges:

Moat: Encircles the wall, adding an additional layer of defense.

Drawbridges: Historically used to control access to the city.

Cycling and Walking Routes:

Cycling: Bicycles are available for rent, allowing for a leisurely ride along the entire length of the wall. With rental costs ¥45 for 100 minutes (¥200 deposit), and for a golf cart is ¥200. 

Walking: Walking the wall offers a closer look at the historical details and architecture.

Tips for Visiting the Ancient City Wall

• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and crowds, and to enjoy the best lighting for photography.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable shoes and clothing suitable for walking or cycling.
• Stay Hydrated: Bring water, especially during hot weather.
• Explore Different Gates: Start at the South Gate for the most facilities and information, but consider exploring other gates for a different perspective.
• Cultural Performances: Check for any scheduled performances or activities, especially at the South Gate.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda  in Xi’an  is built in 652 during the Tang Dynasty, and it is a well-known Buddhist pagoda. Originally constructed to house Buddhist sutras and figurines brought from India by the Buddhist translator and traveler Xuanzang, the pagoda is an important symbol of Xi’an’s rich historical and religious heritage.

• Construction: Built in 652 AD during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty.
• Height: Originally five stories tall, it was rebuilt with additional stories and now stands at seven stories, about 64 meters (210 feet) high.
• Purpose: To store Buddhist scriptures and relics that Xuanzang brought back from India.
• Design: Brick construction with a square base, reflecting traditional Chinese architectural styles.

Why visiting Big Wild Goose Pagoda

The Pagoda Itself:

Exterior Architecture: Observe the majestic brick structure with intricate designs and carvings.

Interior Stairs: Visitors can climb the internal wooden staircases to reach different levels.

Da Ci’en Temple:

Main Hall: Houses various Buddhist statues and artifacts.

Bell and Drum Towers: Traditional structures that add to the temple’s serene atmosphere.

Courtyard: Beautifully landscaped with gardens, providing a peaceful environment.

Xuanzang Sanzang Memorial Hall:

Exhibits: Displays related to Xuanzang’s life, travels, and contributions to Buddhism.

Sculptures and Relics: Statues of Xuanzang and relics from his journeys.

Surrounding Gardens and Fountains:

South Square and North Square: Known for their beautiful landscaping, fountains, and sculptures.

Musical Fountain Show: A spectacular show in the North Square, especially popular in the evenings.

Cultural Performances and Exhibits:

Cultural Shows: Periodic performances depicting traditional Chinese music and dance.

Art Exhibits: Occasional exhibitions showcasing Buddhist art and Tang Dynasty culture.

Tips for Visiting the Big Wild Goose Pagoda

• Best Time to Visit: Early morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and heat.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable clothing and shoes, especially if you plan to climb the pagoda.
• Respect the Culture: Maintain a respectful demeanor, as this is a religious site.
• Photography: Photography is generally allowed, but be mindful of signs indicating restricted areas.
• Check Show Times: If interested in the musical fountain show or other performances, check the schedule in advance.
• Explore the Temple: Take time to explore Da Ci’en Temple and its surroundings for a more enriching experience.

Muslim Quarter

In the heart of Xi’an you can visit the vibrat and authentic neiborhood- The Muslim Quarter is also known as Huimin Street. It is home to the city’s significant Muslim community, primarily descendants of Persian and Arab merchants who traveled to China via the Silk Road. The area is renowned for its bustling street markets, diverse food scene, and rich cultural heritage.

• Historical Significance: The Muslim Quarter has been a center for the Muslim community in Xi’an for over 1,300 years.
• Architecture: The area features traditional Chinese and Islamic architectural styles, with narrow lanes, ancient mosques, and traditional houses.
• Food Paradise: Known for its diverse and flavorful street food, offering a blend of Chinese and Muslim culinary traditions.
• Great Mosque: Home to the Great Mosque of Xi’an, one of the oldest and most significant mosques in China, built during the Tang Dynasty.
• Location: in the heart of Xi’an.

Why Visit the Muslim Quarter

Culinary Adventure: Experience an array of delicious street food, including kebabs, noodles, pastries, and unique local delicacies.

Cultural Immersion: Explore the rich cultural heritage of Xi’an’s Muslim community through its food, architecture, and daily life.

Shopping: Browse through stalls selling souvenirs, traditional crafts, textiles, and antiques.

Historical Sites: Visit the Great Mosque and other historical landmarks within the quarter.

Tips for Visiting the Muslim Quarter

• Best Time to Visit: Late afternoon and evening when the streets are most lively, and food stalls are in full operation.
• Bring Cash: While some vendors accept mobile payments, it’s advisable to carry cash for small purchases.
• Wear Comfortable Shoes: The streets can be crowded and involve a lot of walking.
• Respect Local Customs: Dress modestly and be respectful of the local culture and religious practices.
• Bargain Politely: Haggling is common in the markets, but always do so respectfully.

Unique Things About the Muslim Quarter

Blend of Cultures: The Muslim Quarter is a unique fusion of Chinese and Islamic cultures, visible in its architecture, food, and daily life.

Night Market: The area comes alive at night with bustling markets, illuminated food stalls, and a festive atmosphere.

Street Performances: Occasionally, you might encounter traditional Chinese musical performances and other street entertainment.

Handmade Crafts: Discover unique handmade crafts and souvenirs, including calligraphy, paper cuts, and traditional clothing.

Shaanxi History Museum

The Shaanxi History Museum  is one of the most significant museums in China. Opened in 1991, it is often referred to as the “treasure house of ancient China” due to its extensive collection of artifacts that span Chinese history from the prehistorical period to the Qing Dynasty. The museum provides a comprehensive overview of the region’s rich cultural heritage, with a particular focus on the history of the Silk Road and the numerous dynasties that ruled from Xi’an.

• Location: Situated on Xiaozhai East Road, in the southern part of Xi’an.
• Collection: Houses over 370,000 items, including murals, paintings, pottery, coins, and bronze artifacts.
• Architecture: Designed in the Tang Dynasty architectural style, with large courtyards and elegant structures.
• Special Exhibits: Features rotating special exhibits alongside its permanent collection.

Why Shaanxi History Museum is worth visiting

Historical Depth: Gain a deep understanding of Chinese history, particularly the significant contributions of the Shaanxi region.

Cultural Artifacts: See rare and valuable artifacts, including items from the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang Dynasties.

Educational Experience: Offers detailed information and context for each exhibit, making it an educational visit for history enthusiasts.

Beautiful Setting: Enjoy the Tang-style architecture and well-designed museum grounds.

What to See at the Shaanxi History Museum

Permanent Exhibits:

• Prehistoric Periods: Displays artifacts from ancient human settlements in Shaanxi.
• Zhou, Qin, Han Dynasties: Features relics from the earliest dynasties, including the Terracotta Army figures.
• Tang Dynasty: Highlights the cultural and artistic achievements during this golden age of Chinese history.
• Buddhist Art: A collection of Buddhist statues, carvings, and relics.

Special Exhibits:

• Regularly updated with themes ranging from ancient civilizations to specific archaeological discoveries.

Treasures Hall:

• Houses the most precious and rare artifacts, including gold and silver items, jade pieces, and ceramics.

Murals Gallery:

• Displays Tang Dynasty murals, offering insight into the art and daily life of the period.

Tips for Visiting the Shaanxi History Museum

• Arrive Early: The museum can get crowded, so arriving early (30 minutes ahead) can help you avoid long lines and large groups.
• Free Admission: Entry is free, but you may need to show an ID to get a ticket. Some special exhibitions may require a fee.
• Plan Your Visit: Allocate at least 2-3 hours to explore the museum thoroughly.
• Guided Tours: Consider hiring a guide or using an audio guide for a more in-depth understanding of the exhibits.
• Accessibility: The museum is wheelchair accessible and has facilities for visitors with disabilities.
• Nearby Attractions: Combine your visit with other nearby sites such as the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
• Don’t miss: The four original terracotta warrior statues on the ground floor. In the Sui and Tang section, unique murals depict a polo match, and you’ll find a series of painted pottery figurines with elaborate hairstyles and dress, including several bearded foreigners, musicians and braying camels.

Good to know about Shaanxi History Museum

Extensive Tang Dynasty Collection: The museum is renowned for its extensive collection of Tang Dynasty artifacts, reflecting the height of Chinese cultural and artistic achievement.

Murals Gallery: Offers a rare opportunity to see original Tang Dynasty murals, which are typically not on display due to their fragility.

Silk Road Artifacts: Features many artifacts that illustrate Xi’an’s historical role as the starting point of the Silk Road.

Interactive Exhibits: Includes interactive displays and multimedia presentations that enhance the visitor experience.

Cultural Performances: Occasionally hosts cultural performances and events, adding to the cultural richness of the visit.

Huaqing Hot Springs

Huaqing Hot Springs is renowned historical site located at the foot of Mount Li in Lintong District. The hot springs have been a popular retreat for over 3,000 years, attracting emperors and notable figures from various dynasties who came to enjoy the therapeutic waters and scenic beauty. The site is also famous for its role in Chinese history and literature, particularly the romantic tale of Emperor Xuanzong and his consort Yang Guifei during the Tang Dynasty.

• Location: Approximately 30 kilometers east of Xi’an city center.
• History: The site has been used as a royal bathing place since the Western Zhou Dynasty, with significant expansions during the Tang Dynasty.
• Therapeutic Waters: The hot springs are rich in minerals and are believed to have healing properties.
• Cultural Significance: Known for the love story between Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei, immortalized in Chinese literature and opera.

Why Visit Huaqing Hot Springs

Historical Insight: Learn about the site’s extensive history and its significance to Chinese royalty.

Beautiful Scenery: Enjoy the picturesque landscapes, including gardens, ponds, and historical architecture.

Relaxation: Experience the therapeutic benefits of the hot springs.

Cultural Performances: Witness traditional Chinese performances that depict historical events and legends.

What to See at Huaqing Hot Springs

Imperial Pools:

• Lotus Pool: Used by Emperor Xuanzong, shaped like a lotus flower.
• Hibiscus Pool: Used by Yang Guifei, known for its elegant design and historical significance.
• Star Pool: Another pool used by the imperial family, featuring intricate stone carvings.

Historical Sites:

• Nine-Dragon Lake: A beautiful artificial lake with stunning reflections and historical significance.
• Five-Room Hall: The living quarters of the emperor and his consort, showcasing traditional architecture.
• Feast Hall: Where royal banquets were held, offering insight into the lavish lifestyle of the Tang Dynasty court.

Cultural Exhibits:

• Huaqing Palace Museum: Displays artifacts, relics, and historical documents related to the site.
• Cultural Performances: Regular performances, including the famous “Song of Everlasting Sorrow,” which tells the story of Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei.

Natural Beauty:

• Mount Li: Offers hiking trails and scenic views, adding to the site’s natural charm.
• Beautiful Gardens: Well-maintained gardens with traditional Chinese landscaping, providing a serene atmosphere.

Tips for Visiting Huaqing Hot Springs

• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal for comfortable weather and beautiful scenery.
• Combine with Terracotta Army: Huaqing Hot Springs is close to the Terracotta Army site, making it convenient to visit both in one day.
• Dress Comfortably: Wear comfortable walking shoes, especially if you plan to explore the gardens and hike Mount Li.
• Check Show Times: If interested in cultural performances, check the schedule in advance to plan your visit accordingly.

Mount Hua (Huashan)

Mount Hua, also known as Huashan, is one of China’s Five Great Mountains and is renowned for its dramatic peaks, steep trails, and breathtaking scenery. Located about 120 kilometers east of Xi’an, Mount Hua has a rich history as a center of religious significance, particularly Taoism. The mountain is famous for its perilous paths, ancient temples, and stunning vistas, making it a popular destination for both pilgrims and adventurers.

• Location: Huayin City, Shaanxi Province, about 120 kilometers east of Xi’an.
• Elevation: The highest peak, South Peak, reaches an elevation of 2,154 meters (7,070 feet).
• Historical Significance: A site of religious importance, especially for Taoism, with many temples and hermitages scattered across the mountain.
• Peaks: The mountain has five main peaks, each with its own distinct features and attractions.

Why Visit Mount Hua

Stunning Scenery: Offers some of the most breathtaking and dramatic landscapes in China.

Adventurous Trails: Known for its challenging and thrilling hiking trails, including the infamous plank walk.

Cultural and Religious Sites: Home to numerous temples, pavilions, and inscriptions, reflecting its deep spiritual and cultural heritage.

Panoramic Views: Provides spectacular views from various peaks, especially at sunrise and sunset.

What to See at Mount Hua

Five Main Peaks:

• East Peak (Morning Sun Peak): Ideal for watching the sunrise, offering stunning views and a sense of serenity.
• West Peak (Lotus Flower Peak): Known for its beautiful rock formations and the Cuiyun Palace.
• South Peak (Landing Wild Goose Peak): The highest peak, offering panoramic views and the challenge of the famous plank walk.
• North Peak (Cloud Terrace Peak): The starting point for many hikers, with cable car access and ancient inscriptions.
• Central Peak (Jade Maiden Peak): Known for its legends and the Jade Maiden Temple.

Notable Trails and Walkways:

• Plank Walk: A narrow, wooden plank walkway along a vertical cliff, considered one of the most thrilling hiking experiences in the world.
• Thousand-Foot Precipice and Hundred-Foot Crevice: Famous steep staircases carved into the rock, offering a challenging ascent.
• Heavenly Stairs: A steep and narrow pathway leading to the West Peak, providing a demanding but rewarding climb.

Temples and Religious Sites:

• Yuquan Temple: The starting point for the traditional hiking route, dedicated to the Taoist deity Yuquan.
• Xiyue Temple: Located at the base of the mountain, one of the largest and most important Taoist temples in the area.
• Jade Maiden Temple: Associated with the legend of the Jade Maiden, offering a tranquil setting and historical significance.

Scenic Spots:

• Black Dragon Ridge: A narrow ridge offering stunning views and an exhilarating hiking experience.
• Golden Lock Pass: Covered with thousands of locks left by couples as a symbol of their love and commitment.

Tips for Visiting Mount Hua

Best Time to Visit: Spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) offer the best weather conditions for hiking and sightseeing.

Use Cable Cars: For those who prefer less strenuous access, cable cars are available to both the North and West Peaks.

Plan Your Route: Research and plan your hiking route in advance, taking into account your fitness level and the time required.

Safety First: Follow safety guidelines, especially on the more challenging and dangerous trails like the plank walk.

Overnight Stay: Consider staying overnight in one of the guesthouses on the mountain to experience sunrise or sunset from the peaks.

Things to know About Mount Hua

Thrilling Hikes: Known for some of the most challenging and thrilling hiking trails in the world, attracting adventure seekers.

Spiritual Heritage: Deeply rooted in Taoist traditions, with numerous temples and religious sites scattered across the mountain.

Scenic Diversity: Offers a diverse range of landscapes, from rugged cliffs and narrow ridges to serene temples and lush greenery.

Cultural Legends: Rich in myths and legends, adding a layer of cultural and historical intrigue to the natural beauty.

Spectacular Sunrises and Sunsets: Provides unforgettable views of the sun rising or setting over the peaks, a must-see for any visitor.